Complexity Theory
From International Center for Computational Logic
Complexity Theory
Course with SWS 4/2/0 (lecture/exercise/practical) in WS 2023
Lecturer
Tutor
SWS
- 4/2/0
Modules
Examination method
- Oral exam
Matrix channel
Lecture series
Announcements
- Regarding the oral examinations, please register with your respective examination offices and, afterward, make an appointment with Kati Domann.
Contents
This course covers the fundamental concepts as well as advanced topics of complexity theory.
Key topics are:
- Turing Machines (revision): Definition of Turing Machines; Variants; Computational Equivalence; Decidability and Recognizability; Enumeration
- Undecidability: Examples of Undecidable Problems; Mapping Reductions; Rice’s Theorem (both for characterizing Decidability and Recognizability); Recursion Theorem; Outlook into Decidability in Logic
- Time Complexity: Measuring Time Complexity; Many-One Reductions; Cook-Levin Theorem; Time Complexity Classes (P, NP, ExpTime); NP-completeness; pseudo-NP-complete problems
- Space Complexity: Space Complexity Classes (PSpace, L, NL); Savitch’s Theorem; PSpace-completeness; NL-completeness; NL = coNL
- Diagonalization: Hierarchy Theorems (det. Time, non-det. Time, Space); Gap Theorem; Ladner’s Theorem; Relativization; Baker-Gill-Solovay Theorem
- Alternation: Alternating Turing Machines; APTime = PSpace; APSpace = ExpTime; Polynomial Hierarchy
- Circuit Complexity: Boolean Circuits; Alternative Proof of Cook-Levin Theorem; Parallel Computation (NC); P-completeness; P/poly; (Karp-Lipton Theorem, Meyer’s Theorem)
- Probabilistic Computation: Randomized Complexity Classes (RP, PP, BPP, ZPP); Sipser-Gács-Lautemann Theorem
- Quantum Computing: Quantum circuits, BQP, some basic results
Mode of Teaching and Registration
The course generally does not require a special registration and there is no limit for participants. However, students in programmes that use the Selma system (esp. students in CMS Master) will need to register there to obtain credits. Most of the materials will be freely available world-wide.
Contact
Besides the regular meetings in the lectur(Habs heute auch nochmal in der Übung erwähnt.)  es and exercise classes, you can also contact the teachers and other students in the public discussion channel on Matrix shown on the side.
Acknowledgements
The slides for some of the foundational lectures of this course are based on slides used by Markus Krötzsch for the course Complexity Theory at the University of Oxford, which were adopted from slides created by Stefan Kreutzer and Ian Horrocks for that course.
Further material has been prepared first by Daniel Borchmann during his time at TU Dresden.
Schedule and Location
All dates will be published on this page (see Dates & Materials above).
- The weekly lecture sessions will take place on Mondays DS2 (9.20 - 10.50) in REC C118 (Recknagelbau C118, Haeckelstraße 3) and Tuesdays DS2 (9.20 - 10.50) in APB E005.
- The weekly exercise session will take place on Wednesdays DS3 (11.10 - 12.40) in APB E005.
- Important: Stay informed about current covid-19 regulations of TU Dresden.
- Michael Sipser: Introduction to the Theory of Computation, International Edition; 3rd Edition; Cengage Learning 2013
- Introductory text that covers all basic topics in this lecture.
- Erich Grädel: Complexity Theory; Lecture Notes, Winter Term 2009/10. Available online at https://logic.rwth-aachen.de/Teaching/KTQC-WS09/index.html.en
- Free lecture notes with a general overview of main results; more detailed than Sipser on oracles and alternation; main reference for randomized computation
- John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman: Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation; Addison Wesley Publishing Company 1979
- The Cinderella Book; contains a lot of information not contained in most other books; the hierarchy of undecidable problems as well as Rice' characterization of recognizable properties of recognizable languages are from here.
- Christos H. Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity; 1995 Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc
- Standard reference text for many advanced aspects on complexity theory; the proofs of the Linear Speedup Theorem, the Gap Theorem, and Ladner's Theorem as given in the lecture are from here
- Sanjeev Arora and Boaz Barak: Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach; Cambridge University Press 2009
- Extensive book covering the state of the art of Complexity Theory
- Michael R. Garey and David S. Johnson: Computers and Intractability; Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. 1979
- The classical book on Complexity Theory; contains a long list of problems with their complexities
Subscribe to events of this course (icalendar)
| Lecture | Introduction and Motivation | DS2, October 9, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Turing Machines and Languages | DS2, October 10, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Undecidability | DS2, October 16, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Undecidability and Recursion | DS2, October 17, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Mathematical Foundations, Decidability, and Recognisability | DS3, October 18, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Time Complexity and Polynomial Time (1) | DS2, October 23, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Time Complexity and Polynomial Time (2) | DS2, October 24, 2023 in APB E005 | |
| Exercise | Undecidability | DS3, October 25, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Nondeterministic Polynomial Time | DS2, October 30, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| No session | Reformation Day | DS2, October 31, 2023 in APB E005 | |
| Exercise | Time Complexity | DS3, November 1, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | NP-Completeness | DS2, November 6, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | NP-Complete Problems | DS2, November 7, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | NP-Completeness | DS3, November 8, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Space Complexity | DS2, November 13, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Polynomial Space | DS2, November 14, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Space Complexity | DS3, November 15, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Games/Logarithmic Space | DS2, November 20, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Hierarchy Theorems | DS2, November 21, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| No session | Day of Prayer and Repentance | DS3, November 22, 2023 in APB E005 | |
| Lecture | Space Hierarchy and Gaps | DS2, November 27, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | P vs. NP: Ladner's Theorem | DS2, November 28, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Space Complexity (cont'd) | DS3, November 29, 2023 in APB E005 | |
| Lecture | P vs. NP and Diagonalisation | DS2, December 4, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Alternation | DS2, December 5, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Diagonalisation | DS3, December 6, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | The Polynomial Hierarchy | DS2, December 11, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Polynomial Hierarchy / Circuit Complexity | DS2, December 12, 2023 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Alternation | DS3, December 13, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Circuits and Parallel Computation | DS2, December 18, 2023 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Polynomial Hierarchy | DS2, December 19, 2023 in APB E005 | File |
| No session | moved to December 19 | DS3, December 20, 2023 in APB E005 | |
| No session | Christmas Break | DS2, December 25, 2023 in REC C118 | |
| No session | Christmas Break | DS2, December 26, 2023 in APB E005 | |
| No session | Christmas Break | DS3, December 27, 2023 in APB E005 | |
| No session | Christmas Break | DS2, January 1, 2024 in REC C118 | |
| No session | Christmas Break | DS2, January 2, 2024 in APB E005 | |
| No session | Christmas Break | DS3, January 3, 2024 in APB E005 | |
| Lecture | Probabilistic Turing Machines | DS2, January 8, 2024 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Probabilistic Complexity Classes (1) | DS2, January 9, 2024 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Circuit Complexity | DS3, January 10, 2024 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Probabilistic Complexity Classes (2) | DS2, January 15, 2024 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Quantum Computing (1) | DS2, January 16, 2024 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Randomised Computation | DS3, January 17, 2024 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Quantum Computing (2) | DS2, January 22, 2024 in REC C118 | File 1, File 2 |
| Lecture | Interactive Proof Systems (1) | DS2, January 23, 2024 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Quantum Computing | DS3, January 24, 2024 in APB E005 | File |
| Lecture | Interactive Proof Systems (2) | DS2, January 29, 2024 in REC C118 | |
| Lecture | Summary and Consultation | DS2, January 30, 2024 in APB E005 | File 1, File 2 |
| Exercise | Quantum Computing (cont.) / Exercises from IPS Lecture | DS3, January 31, 2024 in APB E005 |
Calendar
